Habitat Use by Breeding Waterbirds in Relation to Tidal Marsh Restoration in the San Francisco Bay Estuary
نویسندگان
چکیده
The South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project aims to restore many former salt production ponds, now managed for wildlife and water quality, tidal marsh. However, because ponds support large densities of breeding waterbirds, reduction pond habitat may influence waterbird distribution abundance. We investigated use associated with breeding, feeding, roosting behaviors during the season American Avocets (Recurvirostra americana), Black-necked Stilts (Himantopus mexicanus), Forster’s Terns (Sterna forsteri), Caspian (Hydroprogne caspia) in south San Francisco 2019 after substantial marsh restoration, compared results a 2001 survey (before restoration). In 2019, (26% currently available habitat) were selected by waterbirds engaged (> 39% observations), foraging 42%), 73%). Waterbirds avoided habitats (43% habitat), comprising < 17% observations behavior, 28% observations, 13% observations. Waterbird increased between decreased active especially among feeding (92% decrease) (100% decrease). Islands important observed (45% Avocet 53% Tern observations). fed primarily on wet bare ground (65% 58%, respectively), whereas used mostly open (82% 93%, respectively). Within islands (131 m closer than expected). also (68 161 expected), except when (1 90 farther levees (39 41 but not (9 Our emphasize importance including foraging.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['1546-2366']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2023v21iss2art2